雅思阅读高频词汇副本

发表时间:2017-10-17 14:41作者:路韶晨来源:山西观致留学网址:http://www.sxgzlx.com

考点词,考点替换词,同义词汇总:

雅思阅读题目出题的本质是三种替换:同义词/词组替换,句型替换,语法替换,笔者将从这三方面根据学生课堂笔记进行分类整理。以下是剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一次多义总结:

1.rigid/ stiff/ unchanged/ little change 僵硬的,一成不变的

2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/ 巨大的,明显的,程度大的/substantial

3.approximately 将近-nearly, almost

4.proportion/ percentage 比例

5.be involved (in)/ involve in/ involvement [n.] 涉及,卷入,参与

6.given/ considering , in regard to / despite/ although  有鉴于

考虑到,尽管

6.induce [v] 引入,引导,引诱/ inductive [n] 归纳 >< deduce /deductive推断

7.fortune/ destiny/ chances

8.deplete 开采完,耗尽/ exhaust –exhaust emission (尾气)排放/ over-exploit

9.complex 错综复杂的/ complicated/ sophisticated 老奸巨滑的,复杂的

10.capacity能力,容量/ competence (竞争)能力/ ability 能力(笼统的)

11.确保,保障:Secure-security/ ensure (insure)/ guarantee 押金

12.solely/ merely/ only

13.a vast array of 系列/ a great variety of 花样,品种/ a great rang 系列 of

14.pesticide 杀虫/ suicide 自杀/ homicide/ murder杀人

15.believe/ assume (responsibility)/ suppose

16.授权,委托:authorize/ commission 佣金/ entitle 头衔 + ment =right (权利)

17.purchase/ buy

18. ethnic 种族的/ ethic 伦理,道德的 + s =[n ]

19. modify/ change [v] shift work 轮班工作[n]

20. insight/knowledge/ learning/ understanding/ knowing

21.constrain拘泥,限制/ restrict 限制/ limit

22. circumstance 环境(社会 )/ surroundings/ environment 环境( 环保 )背景 background 后台 / settings后台,布景/ context 上下文( 文章中 )

23.notorious 臭名昭著的/ flagrant臭的><fragrant 香的

24.移民:immigrant (进来)/ emigrant(出去)/migrant

25.兴旺,繁荣;prosperous/ thriving/ booming(人口,行业)/flourishing

26.神圣的:divine/ heavenly/ holy/ sacred

27.有毒的:poisonous/ toxic ( in-, non- 无毒的)

28.致命的:deadly/ fatal/ lethal/ mortal

29.类似于:look like/ resemble

30. chronic长期的,慢性的— long-term 长期的

31.网恋:virtual love/ cyber love

32.网友:on-line /net/ cyber friend    上网(聊天)chat on line/ go on-line  cyber café/网吧

33.evolve-evolution 进化/ revolute-revolution 革命,旋转/ involve-involution 卷入,涉及

34. indicator/ predictor 表示诠释,预测

35.indicate/ demonstrate/ display/exhibit/betray/ manifest

36. therapist /expert/ specialist

37. 优点,长处,美德:advantage/ merit/ virtue/ length

38. commonest/ frequent

39. 未开发的,初级的:rudimentary/ underdeveloped

40. 退化:degenerate/ -tion [n] ->generate 生产,制造/ degrade ->grade 等级/ deteriorate 恶化,每况愈下

41. 分类:category-categorize/ class-classify    

42. consequence后果->影响/ subsequence紧跟其后/ sequence=order秩序/ frequency频率

43.clash 冲突(民族,种族)/crash 飞机坠毁

44. substitution=> substitute sth for sb /replace

45.alternative=> 选择性,代替性,辅助性

46.孤立:isolate/ alienate/insulate隔绝, 排外,孤立->be alien to/insulate (-ior) 绝缘,隔热(体)

47.缺点,不足之处:defect/ flaw/ failing/ disadvantage /drawback

48.创新的,发明的,新颖的,创新的:inventive (-tion)/ innovative (-tion)/ creative (-tion)/ ingenious (ity)/novel (-ty)  =>[n]/creative/revolutionary

Ø易错拼写:environment/ convenient

49.neutral 中立的,中性的 /negative 否定,消极,阴性的 /positive 肯定,积极,阳性的

50.ambiguous->ambiguity 模棱两可的,暧昧的/obscure

51.communicate 沟通,传达,通报

52.accommodate 1供...食宿,2=adapt to 适应,调整,3=hold 容纳,4使…停靠

53.commitment 1 ~ to sth 奉献 2 责任,义务

54.contribute to 导致 ~ result in /account for  (占据)导致

54.缺乏的,不足的:inadequate/ insufficient/ deficient/lack (of)/ short (of)

55.强调:emphasize/ stress/ highlight/ focus on/ concentrate on

明显的:apparently 显而易见的/patently 道貌岸然的/ obviously=>evidently

56.对…怀疑:(be) /skeptical/skeptical /dubious/ suspicious (about/of)

57.缺点,缺陷:drawback/ fault/ defect/ imperfection/ failing/ weakness/ shortcoming/ flaw

58.臭命昭著的:notorious->notoriety/ flagrant/ smelly/ odorous/well-known

59.机构,组织:association/ structure /organization

60.超过:exceed/ surpass

61.岩浆:molten rock/ lava/ magma  

62.语言:linguist ~学家/ lingual和~有关的/ bilingual/  双语  

63.多种多样的:diversity/ variety/ breed/ species ,strain      breed:[n]品种,[v]繁殖,培养,引起,造成

64.dialect 方言  accent 腔调

65.开始的,初步的:begin/ launch/ initial (-ly) [v] 首字母,开始的/ initiate开始,发动->initiative原创性= origin

66.贫穷:poor/ in poverty/ impoverished( 被剥夺财产的)

67.杰出:eminence (-t)/ prominence (-t)/unusual

68.gene/ genetic defect ~缺陷/ anatomy解剖/ conceive构思,怀孕/ deliver分娩

69.辅助性:alternative 补充性/ therapist

70.演绎,推理:deduce->deductive / inferential >< induce 引导,引入,归纳-> induction 归纳

71.令人困惑的:bewildering/ puzzling/ perplexing

72.apply:紧靠,涂,将…应用于,适用,专心致力于,献身于

73.subsidize辅助/ subsidy 补助,补贴/ subsidiary

74. a factor in sth/ depend on sth

75. be preferred by/ choice

76. attitude to/ how

77. the present century/ modern society

78. broad/ great

79.in term of 按照,在…方面,关于/with regard to, in spite of 不顾,尽管

80. small-scale 小范围/ marginal 边缘处的

81. physical/ medical  

82.negotiation/ agreement   谈判,洽谈/ 商定,协议

83. evolve/ develop

84.apartment/ accommodation    公寓/ 住房

85.virtual (love)/ simulate     模拟的(网恋)/ 模拟

86.catastrophe/ disaster   大灾难/ 灾难,不幸

87.innovate/ invent    革新,创新/ 发明,创造        sculpture/ craft    雕刻,雕塑/ 工艺

88.exorbitant/ expensive    过度的,极高的/ 费用大的,昂贵的

89. be participant in/ take part in /participate in  

90.labour [美,澳]/work

91. attend to/ take care of

92.dual employment/ dual-worker   双职工(家庭)

93.indicate/ predict  指示,表明,象征/ 预料,预言  A major contributor to/ be central to  来源,起点/ 是…的主要,中心原因

94.expert/ therapist       专家,能手;知识丰富的/ 某个专科的专家

95.lead to/ be associated with   相联系(带来…的好处)

96.balanced/ equitable    平等的

97.handicap/ disabled/primitive 残疾的,落后的

98. could not-and cannot/ has always been unable to    by/ from

99. benefit/ advantage

100. substantial influence/ greater likelihood

101. agree on/ define

102. considered desirable/ effectiveness

103.masquerade/ (in) disguise     伪装

104.insignificant/ didn’t seriously     不重要/不严重的

105.inspect/ examine  审核,检查

106.caliber/ criterion   标准

107.no-one know>< notorious     无人知晓><臭名昭著的

108.dissatisfy/ argue        不满意/厌恶,讨厌

109.pessimism/ negative/ blue>< optimistic     悲观的,忧郁的>< 乐观的

110. unsatisfactory/ hardly be looked upon

111. identify/ define  

112. turn… into/ become

113. urban/ rural/suburban

114.demolish/ knock   down/ dismantle 毁坏,拆毁(建筑物)/ 敲,打

115.migration/ move     迁移/ 移动

116.pay/ charge sb for    向某人…猛攻,充电,负责,付费,控诉

117.separate/ split      分开,使隔绝,提取/ 分,劈开

118.fascination/attraction  (-e:[v])    迷住,吸引住

119.not require/ unnecessary    不需要/ 不必要

120.decode/ decipher    译解(密码),解释

121.delay/ drawback= disadvantage    耽误,延迟/ 欠缺,弊端

122.association/ organization    机构,关联/ 组织

123.*recent/ current/ nowadays/present     *近的/ 现代的/ 当今的/现在

124.intensive burst/ explosive release    强烈的爆发/ 爆炸性的释放

125.recognized/ identified       承认,识别,认可/ 识别,鉴别

126.aim to/ focus on    针对,目标,打算/ 集中

127. link…to/ lead to     连接/导致,通向

128. inadequate (diet)/ deficiency (in trace minerals) 不充分,不适当的/ 缺乏,不足

129.basic/ fundamental   基础的,基本的

130.seize/ catch   捕捉,抓住

131.fatal/ lethal     致命的

132.success on/ running on    成功

133.costly/ be related by    有关系的

134.be obtained in/ be derived in    获得,流行,通用/ 由…产生,起源于

135.high-income/ wealthy     高收入的/富裕的

136.be alike/ be similar to   相同的,相似的

137.indicate/ show     显示,指出,象征

138. eliminate/ lessen    ><消除/ 减少

139. not risen significantly/ stagnate   停滞不前的

140.salary/ wage   工资:总称/ 蓝领的

141.create/ gain    创造,造成/ 获得,增加        efficiently/ increased productivity    有效率的/ 上升的生产率

142.economy/ financial   经济

143. administration/ management  

144.(be) sympathetic/ understand    同情的,赞同/ 理解

145.introduce/ involve   引入/ 卷入

146. change/ different

147.die>< exist   死亡><存在

148. almost/ approximately  

149. be out of date/ be developed

150.solve/ reduce   减少

151. famous/ eminent  

152. barrier/ hurdle

153. higher position/ top post

154.Advantage: virtue,merit,benefit, positive aspect, strength, 好处 ,优点,长处

155.Disadvantage: weakness, failing, weakness,defect,drawback, negative aspect, fault不利,缺点,缺陷

156.Casual: arbitrary, unplanned, unexpected, 随意的

157.Effective: efficient, effectual, fruitful, productive, valid多效的

158.Criticize: reproach, blame, 批评

159.Flaw: weakness, defect 缺点

160.Ability; capability, power, caliber能力

161.Dishonest: deceptive 不诚实的

162.Fair: equitable, equal, impartial, 公平的

163.Success: achievement, feat 成功

164.Reason: factor, contributor, origin, 原因

165.Result: outcome, consequence, implication结果

166.Result from: arise from, originate from, be due to, thanks to, 由于,因为

167.Give rise to: contribute to, lead to, result in, cause, breed, create, incur导致

168.Disaster: catastrophe 灾难

169.Pollute: contaminate 污染

170.Poisonous: toxic 有毒的

171.Decrease; fall, drop, plunge, decline, step back, downward, minimize, abate下降

172.Increase: rise, go up, surge, grow, 上升

173.Growing: increasing, rising, 上升的


剑桥四阅读考点替换词

名词:

1 the destruction of rainforests (原文) --the loss of the rainforests

2 rainforest conservation( 原文 )—the rainforests to be protected

3 the geographical location—where the rainforests were

4 courtship ritual—mating

5 feeding—eating

6 young people—teens

7 high standing—high opinion

8 take courses—retrain

9 domestic building—dwellings

10 economic progress—economic growth

形容词:

11 Rudimentary—underdeveloped

12 Well-developed—best developed

13 Surprised—taken aback

14 be loath to/be conservative about —be reluctant to

15 chronic—long-term

16 Awareness—conscious

17 basic--fundamental

动词:

1 Resemble—make similar choices/look like

2 choose entrepreneurship—set up their own business

3 make unbiased statements—comment objectively on

4 deal only with—focus on

5 be derived from—be gained from

6 break records—set new records

7 comprehend—explain

8 be broken down—be subdivided

9 predict—estimate

10 the elderly—elderly people

副词: With tremendous force—violently

AB 相关替换

1 media coverage—Newspaper and television

2 A curve inside the circle—a symbol

3 Government policy—government initiative

4 A growing interest in cultural identity—increasing appreciation

5 Bilingualism—more than one language

6 Facial expression—body language

7 Nutriment—diet

8 Pots, tools and weapons—objects

关系替换:

1 People can learn…-- it can teach people…

2 A depends on B—B affect A

按字母排列

Abide by=comply with遵守

Accelerate=speed up加速

Achieve=obtain得到、获得

Adapt to=integrate into使适应、融为一体

Aim.n=objective 目的

Aim at=focus on=concentrate on=emphasize on 集中、强调

An array of=a list of =a set of=a series of 一系列

Attempt to do=try to do尝试作,想要作

Approximately=roughly=about=some=around 大约

Appreciation=interest 欣赏

As a result=consequently=as a consequence 因此、从而

As well as=and和

Associate with=connect with=link with=relate to=involve in与……相关联

Attach to=connect to=link to=serve与……相连接、附着在……上

At will=at random=by chance=by accident=accidentally随意地

Automatically ensure=guarantee保证

B                                                                                

Be free of=with out=no 没有

Be similar to=closely resembled 相似

Be used to=be devoted to专门用于

Be equivalent to=be equal to 等同于

Be taken aback=be surprised 吃惊

Briskly =rapidly=swiftly快速地

C                                                                                          

Calculate=measure 衡量

Catch up with=keep pace with跟上步伐

Chronic=long term 慢性病的

Complain=illness 病症

Concern n. =focus关心的问题

Concern v. =about 与……有关

Concur with sb=agree with sb 同意某人

Concept =conception=notion=idea=understanding概念、理解

Confront=encounter=in the face of面临

Conservation = protection 保护

Conserve=protect保护

Consist of=comprise of 由什么组成

Contaminate=pollute=poison 污染

Contend=assert断言

Contribute to=result in=lead to=link to=responsible for导致

Cooperate with=work with 与……协作

Convert to=turn to 转为、转变为

Crop up=crop out=come up 出现

D                                                                                      

Degenerated=underdeveloped=degraded退化

Development=invention 发展

Distract from= can not concentrate 使精力分散

Deadly=fateful 致命的

Diminish=decrease=shrink 减少

Distort reality=far from reality=dishonest不真实的

Distinction=difference=nuance 不同之处

Due to = because of = without a view to 由于

E                                                                                      

Endanger=threaten 威胁

Ensure = make sure 确保

Establish=set up建立

Evolvement=development=progress发展、发育

Embark upon=start开始

Enlighten=illuminate=instruc=educate启蒙、给予知识

F                                                                                      

Fail to do=can not do没有能够做

Far from=not at all根本不

Fault=flaw=defect错误,缺损

Form=shape 形成

Foundation=basis基础

Finance=sponsor 提供赞助(金钱)

Free=release释放

Frequently=often 经常

G                                                                                  

Great milestone=impact=effect=influence对……具有很重要的影响力

Guarantee to do sth =promise to do sth 保证做某事

H                                                                                        

Hold=harbor拥有

Halt=stop 阻止、使停滞

Hurdle=barrier 阻碍

I                                                                              

Identical=the same一模一样

In addition to=besides 除了

Indicate=show表明

In reaction to=respond to 对……起反应

In the event of= in case of 万一

Interpret=illustrate解释

Introduce to=import to引入

K                                                                              

Key a.=important=significant=crucial=essential重要的,关键的

Key n.=approach=means=method=technique方法

L                                                                                

Likelihood=possibility可能性

Link-up=connection 联系

M                                                                                    

Match sth to=assign sth to把……和……搭配起来

Misconception=misunderstanding=mistaken view错误的理解

Modify=change修改、改变

Manifestation=demonstration 显示、表明

Measure=access=rate评估

N                                                                                  

Nature=character本质、特点

Non-toxic= less poisonous=safe 无毒的、安全的

Novel a.=fresh=new=up to date 新潮的、创新的

O                                                                                    

Owing to=thanks to =contribute to多亏……,有赖于……

Overestimate = overate 过高估计

P                                                                                  

play a vital role in = have an important part or role in起重要的作用,扮演重要的角色

Pore over=study 研究

Preserve=store 储存

Resemble=like 像

Prevailing=popular 盛行的

Present day=modern society 现代社会、现在时代

Prior to = before 先于

Prodigious effort=enormous effort重大的努力

Produce=trigger=generate=spawn=bring about=result=breed激发、产生

Provide=offer 提供

Protect A from B =shelter A from B 使A不受B的侵害

Q                                                                                          

Quest=desire 渴望

Questionnaire=survey 问卷调查

R                                                                                          

Range from … to…= be from … to …从……到……

Readily=easily=accessible 容易地

Relate to=understand=appreciate理解

Rely on=depend on 依靠……

Residue=remains=relics=relicts剩余物、废墟

S                                                                                    

Seek for = search for =hunt for寻求,寻找

Striking=noticeable值得注意地

Substantial=considerable 想当可观的

Success=achievement=great outcome=great progress=huge development成功、成就

Surprising=unexpectedly uncommon令人吃惊的

T                                                                                      

Take to=be used to=get used to 对……习惯

Tuition=formal teaching正式的学校教育

Turn to=consult 寻求帮助、求助于

Toxic=poisonous 有毒的

U                                                                                    

Unbiased=without prejudice 无立场、不带任何偏见的

Up to=depend on/upon 由……决定

V                                                                                      

Virtue=advantage=asset 优点

W                                                                                    

Work out=figure out=reckon 计算出、作出

剑桥雅思真题456中的替换关系

ØRecognize = identify

ØEthical=Moral

Øplenty of=Considerable=significant amount of

ØAlmost certainly=little doubt

ØModification=change=alteration=adjust

ØBetter=Improve(方向词)

ØLive=residence=inhabitant

Øfirst=initial=primary

ØImportant=worthy trying=significant=essential

ØPeople=mortal=human=mankind

ØReflect=feature=represent

ØLegitimate= have right to

Ølong term=chronic

ØInterest (for borrowing)=slightly more money

ØFeasible=practical

ØSusceptible =allergic predisposed vulnerable

Ømistaken=misconception =confusion=misunderstanding

Øhave yet to determine =yet not known

Ørelease stress/tension= (psychic tension is) punctured=

ØDiversity=variety

Øaccompanying=with

ØAesthetic=beautiful

ØRigid = not yielding

Øfocus on=emphasize=narrow down

雅思高频同义词

artificial
synthetic, fabricated, contrived, fake, mock, bogus, counterfeit, pseudo
conventional
traditional, historical, past; accepted, common, regular, routine, mainstream, ordinary
demand
request, claim, need, order, require, call for
decline
decrease, degeneration, drop, fall, recession, depression, reduction, slump, worsening
develop
evolve, advance, grow, improve, progress, flourish
difficulty
handicap, hardship, adversity, challenge, complication, dilemma, perplexity, plight, trouble
early
first, old, ancient, primitive, previous, former, remote
find
discover, come across, encounter, hit on, expose, notice, note, observe, recognize, spot, uncover
future
what's next, prospect, approaching, expected, destined, forthcoming
how
describe, operate, explain, clarify, demonstrate, eludicate, expound, illustrate, interpret, account for
inevitable
unavoidable, certain, destined, fated, inescapable, sure
militant
armed, belligerent, army, weapon, warlike
objection
commercial challenge, complaint, disapproval, opposition, protest, query, question, remonstration
obstacle
bar, barricade, barrier, block, blockage, check, obstruction, problem, snag, hurdle
prevalent
common, usual, prevailing, widespread, systematic, collective, general, popular
reduce
curtail, cut, decrease, halve, impair, lessen, moderate, trim, slash
role
function (provide, support, weaken, smooth, solve), job, position, duty, post, task, contribution
recent
modern, current, now, nowadays, today, contemporaneous, new, novel, present, up-to-date
simulate
virtual, create, reproduce, pretend, imitate
significance
importance, milestone, impact, justification, gist, implication, point, purport, vital business, economic, financial, mercantile, profitable, pecuniary
worldwide
international, cosmopolitan, global, universal, ubiquitous, widespread, around the world

解决:solve, resolve, deal with, cope with, handle, tackle
消除:get rid of, eradicate, eliminate
依赖:rely on, depend on, count on
十分:very much, immensely, hugely, largely, greatly, enormously, tremendously
损害:damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair
给予:give, offer, render, impart, provide
发展:develop, cultivate, foster
优势:advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength
缺陷:disadvantage, detect, demerit, drawback, downside,

雅思剑桥5阅读替换词

AB相似替换: 同义词

Time limit—deadline

Confer sth. On—bring sth. To

Be associated with—establishment/be linked to

Built-in—biological

Expect—predict

Help—have a positive effect on

Advantageous trait—positive survival mechanism

Get worse—take a pessimistic view

Slow down—restrict

Provide what … wants—meet …’s expectation

Urgent—most pressing

When heated—under heat

The first—in origin

Extract—remove

Dub—consider

Be punctured by—release of nervous energy

“ah ,ah” noise—particular noise

demanding—more difficult

outlook—subjective view

how…works—the operation of

revolution--development

AB关系替换:

Sth. Prevail upon King George III to – be granted sth. By the king

剑5 **套
Passage 1第二段
compile v.编辑,编纂
write • compile • compose
concentrate v.集中,关注
pay attention • concentrate • concentration • keep your mind on • keep your eyes on • take notice/note • attentive • attention span
convey v.传达,传递
express • convey • communicate • say • get something over • put something into words/find the words to say
第三段
define v.定义……
meaning • sense • significance • definition • connotation • define
circumscribe v.限制,约束
To limit power, rights, or abilities [= restrict]:
conquer v.征服
defeat • overwhelm • annihilate • rout • bring somebody to their knees • conquer
hold back • stifle • suppress • overcome/conquer
第五段
station v.驻扎,静坐
send • pack off • dispatch/despatch • send in • send out • be posted • be stationed
第六段
file v.把文件或资料归档
keep • store • keep something on file • file • keep a record/keep records
rival v.对抗,与……抗衡
competitor • rival • the competition
第八段
ascertain v.确定
check • check out • make sure/make certain • double-check • verify • confirm • ascertain
Passage 2 **段
obey v.遵守,遵从
obey • comply with • abide by • keep to • stick to the rules • conform to • observe • respect • toe the line • go by the book/do something by the book
第二段
administer v.控制,施加
To manage the work or money of a company or organization
simulate v.模拟
To make or produce something that is not real but has the appearance or feeling of being
real
emit v.释放出,发出……的声音
send out • give out • give off • emit • radiate • cast/throw
make a sound/make a noise • go • with • go off • emit • let out
writhe v.因剧痛而蠕动,扭动身体
fidget • can"t keep still • squirm • wriggle • writhe • twitch
denounce v.谴责,指责
voice/express/show etc your disapproval • condemn • denounce • deplore
第三段
unfold v.展开
open • unwrap • unfold • unroll
pose v.带来,提出
ask
balk v.畏缩不前,犹豫
To not want to do or try something, because it seems difficult, unpleasant, or frightening
question v.质疑
question • interrogate • cross-examine • carry out door-to-door inquiries • be helping police with their inquiries
第四段
anticipate v.预测
expect • think • anticipate
第五段
fluster v.使不安,使紧张,使困惑
To make someone nervous and confused by making them hurry or interrupting them:
第六段
discharge v.放电,释放
If a piece of electrical equipment discharges, or if it is discharged, it sends out electricity
evolve v.演变,进化
develop • evolve
第七段
evoke v.引发,引起
remind somebody of • make somebody think of • bring/call to mind • be a reminder • bring back memories/take somebody back • evoke • evocative • come flooding back
第八段
merge v.合并,混合
combine • be a mixture of something and something • bring together • blend • mingle • merge
unite • team up • get together • combine • join forces • come together • amalgamate • merge
surrender v.投降,放弃
admit/accept defeat • give in • surrender • concede
第九段
forgo v.放弃
do without/go without • deny yourself • abstain • forgo
dictate v.听写,控制,指挥
tell • order • ask somebody to do something • demand • insist • dictate
elucidate v.阐明,说明,解释
To explain something that is difficult to understand by providing more information
Passage 3
第二段
starve v.使……挨饿
starving • starve • hungry • not get enough to eat • half-starved • underfed • malnourished
exaggerate v.夸大,夸张
exaggerate • blow something (up) out of all proportion • make too much of • overrated • overemphasize • overstate • be melodramatic • lay it on
associate v.与……相连
link • associate • make a connection • establish a link
be connected/be related • be linked • associated • have/be something to do with • be bound up with something/go hand in hand
cure v.治愈
cure • remedy • antidote
restrict v.限制,约束
limit • restrict • set/impose/put a limit • keep to/keep within • confine • fix
accelerate v.加速,加快
go faster • speed up • pick up/gather speed • accelerate • quicken your pace • gain/gather momentum
第三段
nurture v.培育,形成
nurture • foster
decline v.下降
go down/come down • fall/drop • decrease • decline • reduction • cut • plummet/plunge • taper off • dwindle • slide • take a nosedive
第五段
overstate v.夸大
exaggerate • blow something (up) out of all proportion • make too much of • overrated • overemphasize • overstate • be melodramatic • lay it on
第六段
apply v.适用,应用
apply • claim • request • approach • put in for • applicant • claimant
oppose v.反对
be against/be opposed to • oppose • not agree with something • not believe in something • anti- • hostile • antagonistic
第七段
melt v.融化
melt • dissolve • thaw • melt down • molten • condense • soluble
diminish v.消失,减少
To become or make something become smaller or less [= reduce]:
第十段
experience v.经历
happen to • experience • go through • live through • know
postpone v.推延,延迟
postpone • put off • delay • be pushed/moved/put back • put something on ice/put something on the back burner • procrastinate
第十一段
buy v.买,争取(时间)
buy • get • purchase • snap up • pick up • splash out on • acquire
avoid v.避免
avoid • stay away/keep away • steer clear of • make a detour
剑5 第二套
Passage 1**段
patent v.申请专利
To obtain a special document giving you the right to make or sell a new invention or product
第二段
mould v.铸造,塑造
form • mould • shape
engineer v.设计,加工
orchestrate • stage-manage • engineer • contrive
revert v.返回
start again • go back to/revert to • slip back into
第四段
abandon v.放弃,抛弃
give up • quit • abandon • drop • leave it at that
amass v.累计,积累
accumulate • amass • gain
manufacture v.制造
make • produce • manufacture • mass-produce • churn out/turn out • create • fashion • build • construct • assemble
第五段
outline v.列举outline • sketch out
第六段
govern v.受……限制
govern • run • rule • be in power • be in government • hold office
extract v.抽取,提取
find out • get something out of • get information • extract • worm something out of • drag something out of
taper v.逐渐变细,变尖
get/grow thinner get narrower • taper
第七段
relish v.欣赏,品味
revel in • get a kick out of • relish • gloat • wallow in • take pleasure in • delight in
despise v.鄙视,轻视
hate • hate somebody"s guts • can"t stand • detest • loathe • despise • abhor
Passage 2
**段
tempt v.引发
attract • tempt • seduce
dub v. 称作
call • christen • dub
第二段
rely v.依靠,依赖
To trust or depend on someone or something to do what you need or expect them to do [ reliable, reliance]:
puncture v. 戳破,化解
make a hole in • pierce • puncture • punch • drill a hole
第五段
trigger v. 引发,触发
set off • trigger/spark • precipitate
amuse v. 使愉快,开心
make somebody laugh • crack somebody up • raise a laugh • have somebody in hysterics/stitches • amuse
第七段
track v. 追踪
follow • tail • be/sit on somebody"s tail • shadow • track/trail • hound • stalk • stalker
accompany v. 伴随
with • together • along with • come with • accompanying
第八段
tuck v. 隐藏,蜷缩
put • slide • tuck • insert
第十段
milk v. 挤奶,猎取
To take milk from a cow or goat
第十一段
distort v. 扭曲,歪曲
twist • misrepresent • distort • falsify • put words into somebody"s mouth • cook the books • rewrite history
Passage 3
**段
dominate v.统治,在……中拥有重要的位置
dominate • monopolize • monopoly • stranglehold • have total/complete control • hold sway
第二段
renew v.重新开始,使复活,使更新
continue • start again • go on • go back to/return to • resume • take something up again • pick up/take up where you left off • reopen • renew
第三段
adopt v.接受,采纳
adopt • foster • guardian • in care
publicize v.出版
advertise • promote • publicize • market • hype/hype up • plug • sell • push • announce • report
promote v.促进,加强
help • encourage • promote • aid • benefit • advance/further • be conducive to • give something a boost • be favourable for/to
第六段
exploit v.探索
use • exploit • make use of • take advantage of • play on • capitalize on
deposit v.储存,堆积,放置,存放
put • place • leave • abandon • position • plant a bomb/explosives etc • plant • lay • set down • deposit
seal v.盖戳
block up • plug/plug up • seal
restrict v.限制
limit • restrict • set/impose/put a limit • keep to/keep within • confine • fix
第七段
delay v.拖延,延迟
delay • hold-up/holdup • bottleneck
第八段
engage v.参与,参加
To be doing or to become involved in an activity
foster v.促进,加强
promote
第九段
inaugurate v.创立
To open a building or start an organization, event etc for the first time:
第十段
estimate v.估计
guess • estimate • guesswork • speculation • speculative • conjecture
oppose v.反对,抵制
be against/be opposed to • oppose • not agree with something • not believe in something • anti- • hostile • antagonistic
institute v.建立
To introduce or start a system, rule, legal process etc

剑5 第三套
Passage 1
A段
argue v.争辩,坚决主张,认为
argue • quarrel • fight • have a fight • fall out with • be at each other"s throats • clash
B段
claim v.宣称,表示
claim • maintain • assert • confirm • testify • swear • certify • insist • protest • deny
expand v.扩充,扩展
get bigger • grow • expand • swell up • stretch
C段
acknowledge v.认可,承认
accept • recognize • acknowledge
observe v.注意到,观察到
notice • can see/can tell • I see • spot • become aware/conscious • catch somebody"s eye • detect • note • observe • perceive
launch v.发起,进行
start • begin • get down to • start on • set about/set to work • proceed to do something • settle down to • launch into • embark on/upon • come to/grow to/get to • get cracking
involve v.包括,涵盖,使……参与进来
involve • drag somebody into • bring in
D段
bypass v.绕过……
To go around a town or other busy place rather than through it:
foster v.促进
promote
E段
evaluate v.评估,评价
judge • assess • evaluate • critique
solve v.解决
solve • work out/figure out
F段
perpetuate v.延续,保持
continue/carry on • maintain • perpetuate • keep up • preserve
outline v.罗列,列举
summary • outline • overview • rundown • precis • synopsis
indicate v.表明,暗示
point • indicate • gesture at/towards • point out
Passage 2
A段
erode v.腐蚀,侵蚀
wear away • erode • corrode • rust/rust away
scour v.用力擦洗,冲刷
brush • scrub • sweep • scour
B段
deposit v.沉积,堆积
put in • deposit
accumulate v.累计,聚集
accumulate • build up • pile up • mount up • collect • gather
C段
indicate v.表明,暗示
point • indicate • gesture at/towards • point out
replenish v.补充,添加
refill • replenish • top up
D段
divert v.转移,使转向
not draw attention • draw attention away from • divert/distract attention • put somebody off • keep a low profile
E段
rest v.休息,存留在
rest • take a rest • relax • take a break • lie down • put your feet up • laze • take it easy • chill/chill out
concur v.同意,赞同
agree • be in agreement • be of the same opinion • share the view that • subscribe to • concur
affect v.影响
have an effect • have an impact • affect • take effect • make a difference • impact
stimulate v.刺激,激发
To encourage or help an activity to begin or develop further
upset v.使……不安
upset • hurt • hurt somebody"s feelings • distress
F段
devise v.设计,制定出
invent • create • come up with/think up • devise • make up • conceive • dream up • coin
Passage 3
引子
perform v.表演,执行
perform • appear • be in something
A段
vanish v.消失,突然不见
disappear • vanish • become extinct • extinction • die out • cease to exist
ignite v.点燃,引发
set fire to something/set something on fire • light • torch • ignite
B段
launch v.建立,发布
start • launch • open • initiate • spark off • set in motion • get/start/set the ball rolling • get things moving • (let"s) get this show on the road
coin v.创造
invent • create • come up with/think up • devise • make up • conceive • dream up • coin
encompass v.包含,涵盖
cover • encompass • embrace • span
capture v.捕捉,占领,再现
capture • round up • take somebody prisoner • recapture
mimic v.模仿
imitate • do an impression/imitation • mimic • a take-off of somebody/something
C段
peak v.达到全盛
To reach the highest point or level:
rear v.培养,养育,培育
To look after a person or animal until they are fully grown [= raise]:
imply v.暗示
suggest • imply • say • implication • undertone
solve v.解决
solve • find/come up with a solution • resolve • put right • cure • remedy • sort out • sort • iron out
materialize v.变为现实
happen • come true • be realized • be fulfilled • materialize
opt v.选择
decide on • settle on • plump for • opt
align v.与……同列,与……结盟
To publicly support a political group, country, or person that you agree with
D段
Characterize v. 描绘,描述……的特征
Describe something/somebody as • characterize somebody/something as • label • portray/represent • depict • paint a pictur
joke v.开玩笑
make a joke/crack a joke • tell a joke • joke • wisecrack
implement v.实施
carry out • execute • implement • put something into practice • deliver the goods/come up with the goods
E段
back v.支持
To support someone or something, especially by giving them money or using your influence
reckon v.认为
think • believe • feel • figure • reckon • consider • regard/see • think of somebody/something as/look on somebody/something as • take the view that/be of the opinion that • be recognized/acknowledged as
spot v.发现
notice • can see/can tell • I see • spot • become aware/conscious • catch somebody"s eye • detect • note • observe • perceive
camouflage v.伪装
disguise • camouflage
extract v.提取,抽取
find out • get something out of • get information • extract • worm something out of • drag something out of
F段
boost v.促进,加强
help • encourage • promote • aid • benefit • advance/further • be conducive to • give something a boost • be favourable for/t
differentiate v.区别开
can tell the difference • can tell somebody/something apart • distinguish • differentiate • draw/make a distinction • discriminate
exacerbate v.恶化
make things worse/make it worse • to make matters/things worse • aggravate • exacerbate • compound • to add insult to injury
filter v.过滤
To remove unwanted substances from water, air etc by passing it through a special substance or piece of equipment:
categorize v.将……分类
sort • categorize • classify • be grouped • class • grade
emerge v.开始出现
appear • become visible • come into view/come into sight • come out • emerge • loom/loom up • reappear
G段
Lip- read v. 观察人的嘴唇动作来理解话意
To understand what someone is saying by watching the way their lips move, because you cannot hear them
encapsulate v.涵盖,概括
To express or show something in a short way [= sum up]
transcribe v.记录,用音标记下……的语音
copy • copy out • copy down • transcribe
剑5 第四套
Passage 1
A段
promote v. 促进, 发扬,提拔
help • encourage • promote • aid • benefit • advance/further • be conducive to • give something a boost • be favourable for/to
boom v. 发出)轰轰声
boom/boom out • roar • thunder • blare/blare out • blast/blast out
isolate v. 隔离, 孤立, 绝缘
separate • keep somebody apart • isolate • cut somebody off from • segregate • segregation • apartheid • in quarantine
prevail v. 流行, 盛行, 获胜
win • come out on top • prevail • carry the day • win the day
B段
undermine v. 破坏
spoil • ruin • mess up • undermine • screw up • sabotage • throw a spanner in the works • pour cold water on
associate v. 联系, 交往
link • associate • make a connection • establish a link
be connected/be related • be linked • associated • have/be something to do with • be bound up with something/go hand in hand
fuel v. 加燃料
increase • strengthen • heighten • add to • raise • fuel
C段
ensure v. 保证,确保
make sure/make certain • insure/ensure • see that/see to it that
exploit v. 开拓, 开发
use • take advantage of • exploit • manipulate • can wrap/wind somebody around your little finger
integrate v. 成整体,结合
If two or more things integrate, or if you integrate them, they combine or work together in a way that makes something more effective
demonstrate v. 示范, 证明
prove • show • demonstrate • confirm • support • back up • bear out • substantiate • validate • corroborate
penetrate v. 穿透, 渗透, 刺入
enter • penetrate • seep in • permeate
repatriate v. 遣返
expel • deport • extradite • repatriate • exile/send into exile • banish
Passage 2
**段
analyze v. 分析, 分解
examine • look carefully/closely • take/have a look at • analyze • study • check • check over • inspect • go through/go over • look over • scrutinize
第二段
insist v.坚持, 强调
To keep doing something, especially something that is inconvenient or annoying:
第三段
disagree v. 不一致, 不赞同
disagree • not agree • not see eye to eye • take issue with • differ • agree to disagree • dissent
consult v.商量, 咨询
ask somebody"s advice • seek advice • get/obtain advice • consult
第四段
shelter v. 掩蔽,,躲避
shelter • give somebody shelter/refuge • asylum
第五段
solidify v. 凝固,巩固
harden • solidify • set • freeze • stiffen
exert v. 尽(力), 施加(压力等)
To work very hard and use a lot of physical or mental energy:overcome v. 战胜, 克服
hold back • stifle • suppress • overcome/conquer
第六段
create v. 创造, 产生
invent • create • come up with/think up • devise • make up • conceive • dream up • coin
contain v. 包含, 容纳, 容忍
include • contain • among • range from something to
第八段
expand v.膨胀,扩张,发展
get bigger • grow • expand • swell up • stretch
elapse v.(时间)过去, 消逝
pass/go by • elapse • the passage/passing of time
第十段
scan v. 扫描,浏览,
skim • scan • have a look at
complete v.完成
finish • have done something • complete • get something finished • be through • conclude

Passage 3
**段
assist v. 援助, 帮助
help • give/lend a hand • assist • do something for • do somebody a favour • help out • do somebody a good turn • do your bit • come to somebody"s aid/assistance • give help/assistance/support
第二段
occur v. 发生, 出现
happen • take place • there is • be • occur • come about • crop up • come up • be coming up • turn up • arise • strike
fluctuate v. 变动, 波动
keep changing • vary • fluctuate • be in flux/be in a state of flux
exceed v.超越, 胜过
be more than • exceed • outnumber • be up • pass
impact v. 碰撞, 冲击,影响
have an effect • have an impact • affect • take effect • make a difference • impact
increase v. 增加, 增大
increase • step up • expand • broaden • extend • intensify
differ v.不一致, 不同
different • not like • not the same • vary • differ • contrast with • be a departure from • diverse
第三段
evolve v. 发展,进展,进化
develop • evolve
reserve v. 储备, 保存
reserve/book • reservation • booking
assure v. 断然地说, 确告, 保证
promise • assure • give somebody your word • swear • vow • guarantee • commit to • pledge
第四段
maximize v. **值, **化
increase • raise • put up • jack up • push up/drive up/force up • boost • double/triple/quadruple • maximize
ripen v. 成熟
To become ripe or to make something ripe
第五段
delay v.耽搁, 延迟
delay • hold up • set back • get bogged down
remain v. 保持, 逗留, 剩余
left • be left over • remain • survive • be still standing/be left standing • to spare • to go
escape v. 逃脱, 避开
escape • get out • run away/run off • bolt • run for it/make a run for it • flee • make your
escape • take to your heels • break free/break away • bail out
第六段
convert v. 转变, 转换
adapt • modify • convert • customize
第七段
divide v.划分, 分开, 隔开
separate • divide • split • break up • break down • take apart • dismantle • take something to pieces
prevent v.防止, 预防
prevent • stop • keep somebody from doing something • restrain • hold back • get in the way of • discourage • avoid • avert • head off • guard against
survive v.幸免, 幸存
survive • survivor • come through • get through


2009-2011 雅思阅读常见替换词总结

abide by

be faithful to, obey

忠于, 遵守

absence of mind

being absent-minded

心不在焉

absorb

take up the attention of

吸引 … 的注意力

abundant in

be rich in,

be well supplied with

富于, 富有

by accident

by chance

偶然地, 意外

of one’s own accord

without being asked,

freely

自愿地, 主动地

in accordance with

in agreement with

依照,根据

take…into account

consider

把 … 考虑进去

account for

give an explanation or reason for

解释, 说明

on account of

because of

由于, 因为

adapt oneself to

adjust oneself to

使自己适应于

adjacent

next to

毗邻的

admit of

leave room for

留有余地

in advance

before in time

预告, 事先

above all

especially

尤其是, *重要的

agree on

define

认同

in all

altogether

总共, 总计

allow for

take into consideration,

take into account

考虑到, 估计到

amount to

to be equal to

总计, 等于

ambiguity

obscure

暧昧的

answer for

undertake responsibility for,

be liable for

对 … 负责

apparently

patently

显而易见的

approve of

consent to,

be in favor of

赞成

arise from

be caused by

由 … 引起

attach

to fix,

fasten

缚, 系

attend to

give one’s attention,

care and thought

注意, 照顾

aware of

be conscious of,

having knowledge or consciousness

意识到, 知道

a vast array of

a great variety of

系列

at one’s back

supporting or favoring

支持, 维护

turn one’s back on

in an impolite way

背弃, 抛弃

on behalf of

as the representative of

以 … 名义

be accustomed to

be in the habit of,

be used to

习惯于

be acquainted with

to have knowledge of,

to have met socially

了解,熟悉

be ashamed of

guilt or sorrow because of

以 … 为羞耻

be obtained in

be derived in

获得

believe in

have faith or trust in

依赖, 信仰

caliber

criterion

标准

catastrophe

disaster

灾难

categorize

classify

分类

complex

complicated,

sophisticated

复杂的

contributor to

be central to

中心原因

constrain

restrict

限制

chronic

long-term

长期的

deplete

exhaust

耗尽

defect

flaw

缺点,不足之处

decode

decipher

译解

delay

drawback

耽误

demolish

dismantle

毁坏

divine

heavenly

神圣的

eliminate

lessen

减少

emphasize

stress

强调

exorbitant

expensive

过度的

fascination

attraction

迷住,吸引住

fatal

lethal

致命的

get the better of

defeat

打败, 胜过

handicap

primitive

残疾的,落后的

inadequate

insufficient

缺乏的,不足的

in any case

for love or money,

whatever happens

无论如何

in brief

in as few words as possible

简言之

indicate

predict

表明

inadequate

deficiency

不充分,不适当的

intensive burst

explosive release

强烈的爆发

introduce

involve

引入

in case

for fear that

万一

innovate

invent

革新,创新

inspect

examine

审核,检查

lead to

be associated with

相联系

look like

resemble

类似于

masquerade

disguise

伪装

modify

change

改变,修改

molten rock

lava,

magma

岩浆

negotiation

agreement

谈判,洽谈

notorious

flagrant

臭的

no-one know

notorious(反义)

无人知晓

not require

unnecessary

不需要,不必要

pessimism

negative

悲观的,忧郁的

prosperous

thriving

兴旺,繁荣

poisonous

toxic

有毒的

poverty

poor

贫穷

rigid

stiff

僵硬的

rudimentary

underdeveloped

初级的

separate

split

分开

seize

catch

捕捉

skeptical

dubious

对…怀疑

sympathetic

understand

同情,赞同

virtual

simulate

模拟

综合版本1:

Advantage: benefit, positive aspect, strength, 好处
Disadvantage: weakness, drawback, negative aspect, fault不利
Casual: arbitrary, unplanned, unexpected, 随意的
Effective: efficient, effectual, fruitful, productive, valid多效的
Criticize: reproach, blame, 批评
Flaw: weakness, defect 缺点
Ability; capability, power, caliber能力
Dishonest: deceptive 不诚实的
Fair: equitable, equal, impartial, 公平的
Success: achievement, feat 成功
Reason: factor, contributor, origin, 原因
Result: outcome, consequence, implication结果
Result from: arise from, originate from, be due to, thanks to, 由于,因为
Give rise to: contribute to, lead to, result in, cause, breed, create, incur导致
Disaster: catastrophe 灾难
Pollute: contaminate 污染
Poisonous: toxic 有毒的
Decrease; fall, drop, plunge, decline, step back, downward, minimize, abate下降
Increase: rise, go up, surge, grow, 上升
Growing: increasing, rising, 上升的

综合版本2:

artificial
synthetic, fabricated, contrived, fake, mock, bogus, counterfeit, pseudo
conventional
traditional, historical, past; accepted, common, regular, routine, mainstream, ordinary
demand
request, claim, need, order, require, call for
decline
decrease, degeneration, drop, fall, recession, depression, reduction, slump, worsening
develop
evolve, advance, grow, improve, progress, flourish
difficulty
handicap, hardship, adversity, challenge, complication, dilemma, perplexity, plight, trouble
early
first, old, ancient, primitive, previous, former, remote
find
discover, come across, encounter, hit on, expose, notice, note, observe, recognize, spot, uncover
future
what's next, prospect, approaching, expected, destined, forthcoming
how
describe, operate, explain, clarify, demonstrate, eludicate, expound, illustrate, interpret, account for
inevitable
unavoidable, certain, destined, fated, inescapable, sure
militant
armed, belligerent, army, weapon, warlike
objection
commercial challenge, complaint, disapproval, opposition, protest, query, question, remonstration
obstacle
bar, barricade, barrier, block, blockage, check, obstruction, problem, snag, hurdle
prevalent
common, usual, prevailing, widespread, systematic, collective, general, popular
reduce
curtail, cut, decrease, halve, impair, lessen, moderate, trim, slash
role
function (provide, support, weaken, smooth, solve), job, position, duty, post, task, contribution
recent
modern, current, now, nowadays, today, contemporaneous, new, novel, present, up-to-date
simulate
virtual, create, reproduce, pretend, imitate
significance
importance, milestone, impact, justification, gist, implication, point, purport, vital business, economic, financial, mercantile, profitable, pecuniary
worldwide
international, cosmopolitan, global, universal, ubiquitous, widespread, around the world

解决:solve, resolve, deal with, cope with, handle, tackle
消除:get rid of, eradicate, eliminate
依赖:rely on, depend on, count on
十分:very much, immensely, hugely, largely, greatly, enormously, tremendously
损害:damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair
给予:give, offer, render, impart, provide
发展:develop, cultivate, foster
优势:advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength
缺陷:disadvantage, detect, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness

综合版本3:

1. important 重要的=crucial (extremely
GetWord("extremely");
important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)
2.common 普通的=universal, ubiquitous
GetWord("ubiquitous");
(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)
4.stick 粘=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)
5.neglect 忽略=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)
6.near 临近的=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin
GetWord("adjoin");
(the same as adjacent)
7.pursue 寻求=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)
8.accurate 准确的=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)
9.vague 模糊的=obscure
GetWord("obscure");
(unknown or known by only a few people)
10.top 顶=peak, summit
11.competitor 竞争对手=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)

12.blame 指责=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)
13.opinon 意见=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)
14.fame 名声=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation
15.build 直立/竖立=erect
GetWord("erect");
(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish
16.insult 侮辱=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)
17.complain 抱怨=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)
18.primary 根本的=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental
19.relieve 缓解=alleviate
GetWord("alleviate");
(alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)
20.force 强迫=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel

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